Drones in the countryside: blessing or curse?

Drones have become an increasingly common sight in the countryside, used for a variety of purposes. From children's toys and social media content creation to farming, wildlife management, surveillance, and law enforcement, drones offer many benefits. However, their growing presence also raises concerns, particularly regarding privacy, wildlife disturbance, and criminal activities.

While it is unlikely that drones will soon be delivering online shopping orders to rural areas like Irvinestown or Burnfoot, the potential for drone use in the countryside is significant. Farmers use drones to monitor crops and livestock, while conservationists employ them to survey wildlife populations. Law enforcement agencies also utilize drones to combat crime. Yet, their misuse can create challenges for landowners and rural communities.

One of the biggest concerns with drone use is privacy. Recreational users may unintentionally trespass on private land, disturbing livestock and protected wildlife. Under the Wildlife (NI) Order 1985 (as amended), it is an offence to:

• Take, damage, destroy, or disturb a nest in use.
• Obstruct or prevent wild birds from using their nests.
• Disturb birds near nests containing eggs or young.
• Damage or destroy structures used by protected animals for shelter.
• Disturb any such animal while occupying these structures.

Drones have also become tools for criminals. Thieves and poachers use drones equipped with thermal and night vision cameras to scout farms and rural properties for access points and valuables. Farmers and landowners must remain vigilant, reporting any suspicious drone activity to the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) by calling 101 or 999 in an emergency.

To ensure safety and legality, drone users must adhere to the Air Navigation Order 2016, last updated in April 2022. Key regulations include:

• Registration and testing: Anyone flying a drone weighing 250g or more must pass a test and obtain a flyer ID from the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA), valid for five years.
• Flight restrictions: Drones must remain in sight at all times and should not be flown within 50m of people, including those in vehicles or buildings.
• Distance requirements: Drones must stay at least 150m away from residential, recreational, commercial, and industrial areas and 5km away from airports.
• No trespassing: Operators must not launch, operate, or land a drone on private property without permission.

Attempting to disable or shoot down a drone is a criminal offence and can be considered “endangering an aircraft.” Instead, if a drone is causing concern, it should be reported to the PSNI, and an incident reference number should be obtained.

Drones offer breathtaking aerial photography opportunities, and their affordability has made them accessible to many, with some models costing as little as £60. However, users must be mindful of their surroundings, respecting privacy, wildlife, and legal obligations. As drone laws continue to evolve, it is essential to stay informed and ensure that this technology is used responsibly for the benefit of all.